Slavery :: Slavery Essays

For motivations behind this conversation, it is the aim of this creator to evaluate the predicament of African Americans when they were simply slaves, prisoners taken persuasively by rich white American shippers to another and weird land called America. Directly from the earliest starting point, servitude was a dubious issue. It was loaded with the steady token of man's cruelty to man. This was prove in the writing just as developments, for example, the abolitionists, and one most quite John Brown, who has been depicted as a sort of twisted character, who might persevere relentlessly to see this undeniable command did. Likewise, books, for example, Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe did a lot to fuel the contention that was subjection in the United States. Obviously we presently realize that subjection as it was comprehended in the nineteenth century endured up until the officiation of the Emancipation Proclamation, or slaves, or now recently articulated African Americans wer e given their opportunity, and their battle expect another course in endeavoring to pick up equity for themselves. This is a battle which proceeds with today, and isn't significantly less questionable. In any case, for recorded purposes, I should get a kick out of the chance to additionally endeavor to analyze occasions as they existed around then. Subjection was a training which was quite preferred by the South. In the North, Americans were increasingly mechanical arranged, and had little use for slaves. They could stand to be increasingly moralistic about the issue. Be that as it may, when it went to the predicament of land proprietors and Americans who lived in the Southern piece of a youthful nation, that was America, they were exceptionally engrossed with their agrarian way of life. Even George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson had slaves as did a considerable lot of the ancestors of the new nation. It is additionally evident that a large number of these people had youngsters wi th their Black slaves, and despite the fact that it is correspondingly a matter of verifiable record that they did free their slaves, if not while they were alive, in their Last Will and Testament. This means subjection was an issue of financial aspects toward the South, and an ethical situation for those Americans who lived in the North. By the mid-1850's the soul of settlement had everything except evaporated. Northern enthusiasm for Emancipation pushed by abolitionists, disintegrated relations between families North and South.

Red Badge Of Courage Essays (1368 words) - The Red Badge Of Courage

Red Badge Of Courage The Red Badge of Courage, by Steven Crane, has been broadcasted one of the most prominent war books ever. It is a story that practically delineates the American Civil War through the eyes of Henry Fleming, a normal homestead kid who chooses to turn into a fighter. Henry, who is battling for the Union, is very resolved to turn into a legend, and the story delineates Henrys journey from being a youthful weakling, to a bold man. This journey is the exemplary excursion from honesty to experience. The story begins with a warmed discussion between the troopers. One kid had heard gossip that the regiment would be proceeding onward to take on a conflict the following day. A portion of the fighters concur with this kid, while others imagine that their regiment will never participate in a genuine fight. While watching this contention, Henry, the hero, concludes that he would prefer to go set down and think rather then participate in the warmed contention between the troopers. Henry, a basic ranch kid, is fairly energized when he hears the talk that they will be battling soon. It had consistently been a fantasy of his to battle in a war, and become a saint, and now his fantasy was working out. Henry starts to consider what life resembled before he entered the military, and recollects the narratives of war he has gotten notification from old veterans. This flashback is viable in demonstrating how his past encounters have influenced his contemplations on war now. It is conspicuously evident that he is anxious about the possibility that that he won't have the option to withstand the weights of a fight. He continues disclosing to himself that on the off chance that he needs to turn into a saint, he can not flee. He should stand out the fight with the remainder of his friends. While walking along, Henry sees the primary body he has ever observed. He shows feel sorry for the man, in light of the fact that the dead man had kicked the bucket in such poor conditions. The spirits of his shoes were worn uncovered. At the point when Henry sees the carcass, he starts to think about whether his officers really recognize what they are doing. He imagines that the officers are driving him directly into a snare, directly into the center of the revolutionaries. Henry bargains with his dread of fight by acting presumptuous. He goes about as though he has been in a thousand fights, and grumbles about the strolling, despite the fact that the peruser knows that he would prefer to walk always then go to fight as of right now. It shows one of Henry's resistance components, how he utilizes his haughtiness to cover up his honesty. Regiment 304 proceeds onward to fight the following day. Henry turns out to be very terrified, however is too glad to even consider talking to any of the others warriors about his feelings of dread. All the troopers are extremely on edge to battle in the war, and Tom and Henry talk about how they won't flee from war, and how they need to turn into big time war saints. This is unexpected, in light of the fact that toward the finish of the book their desires work out as expected. At the point when the fight begins, all the officers get extremely restless and anxious. Tom and Henry don't end up being as bold as they feel that they could be. While stowing away, Tom discovers Henry, and gives him a manila envelope of letters for his family. Tom accepts that this will be his first and his last fight. Henry winds up satisfying his most noticeably terrible bad dream. Rather than standing out the fight with the remainder of his regiment, he holes up behind some brush so as to save himself from kicking the bucket. He tunes in on the fight, and to quite a bit of his shock, he hears cheering based to what's left side of his regiment. He at that point takes off into the forested areas out of resentment. While going through the forested areas his still, small voice starts to address him. His still, small voice considers him a defeatist, and a traitor. Out of blame, Henry runs back to the fight site, and meets again with his regiment. These activities indicated Henry's development, and want to be a war legend. At the point when Henry gets together his regiment and more seasoned worn out man starts to have a conversation with him. The elderly person asks Henry where yeh hit, ol' kid? which means, where he got shot. With gigantic sentiments of blame, Henry shrugs from the man and runs once more into the forested areas. From behind a tree, he takes a gander at all the injured warriors. Now and again he respected

Discrimination Against LGBT Essay

To a huge number of Americans, the privilege to equity is being abused on account of their sexual direction. Government and state Constitutional alterations that characterize marriage as between a man and a lady deny gay Americans these rights. These rights were/are abused when certain states boycott gay marriage by law, while restricting gay marriage depends on strict perspectives, and when quest for satisfaction is detracted from a gay american. The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution both give Americans the privileges of Equal Protection Under Law, Freedom of Religion, and the Pursuit of Happiness. Individuals who are LGBT are not getting treated similarly and are in any event, being segregated at times. The fourteenth corrections expresses that there ought to be Equal Protection under the law. It shields people from self-assertive separation by government authorities. In the guide of the U.S. which indicated which states permit gay marriage, just twenty one states pe rmit some type of residential organization (â€Å"Current Status†) and the remainder of the states boycott gay fairness. As a nation, correspondence is prohibited by law. The fair perfect of balance was abused for this situation. In the primary correction, it expresses that there ought to be opportunity of religion, which incorporates opportunity from religion. This is the detachment of chapel and state. In a meeting with president Obama, it said in 2004, Obama refered to his own perspectives saying that christian marriage was between a man and a lady (â€Å"President†). This shows now and again resistance to gay marriage depends on strict groups’ plans. In the main alteration, the foundation proviso says that legislature can't support one religion over another. They ought not make laws that boycott gay marriage as a result of one religion. In the statement of freedom, it says that quest for bliss an unalienable right that the individuals have. The quest for bliss implies â€Å"The option to seek after any legal business or job, in any way not conflicting with the equivalent privileges of others, which may build their flourishing or build up their resources, in order to give them their most noteworthy enjoyment.† now and again, if somebody was seen as gay, they would frequently lose their employment or lose companions, and they probably won't be dealt with a similar route as they used to (The Associated Press). In 2001, Dennis and Judy Shepherd were denied the privilege to the quest for satisfaction on the grounds that their child, Matthew was taken in a demonstration of brutality since he was gay (â€Å"Obama†). It was truly hard for Matthew’s guardians after such a major misfortune. The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution the two gives Americans the privileges of Equal Protection Under Law, Freedom of Religion, and the Pursuit of Happiness. In these three cases individuals who are LGBT are not getting treated similarly and are being separated. All individuals ought to be dealt with similarly and ought to have the option to get hitched.

Stonehenge Essays (587 words) - Wiltshire, Stonehenge, Henges

Stonehenge Regardless of the numerous reasons it appears to serve, Stonehenge is as yet the epitome of riddle for a large portion of the world. Some accept that its motivation was to be utilized as a galactic observatory. Others feel that it was utilized as a strict meeting community for the Druids. Be that as it may, nobody has had the option to demonstrate its actual which means and presence. Stonehenge is accepted to have been worked in three principle periods. The first occurred somewhere in the range of 3100 and 2700 B. C. This piece of the development comprised of building an enormous dump around the zone in which Stonehenge was to be constructed (Castleden 1). This dump was 320 ft. in measurement with a messed up region in which the passage is found. Simply inside the jettison 56 gaps were burrowed equivalent good ways from one another. These openings were then loaded up with chalk rubble, yet a portion of the openings were loaded up with the bones of incinerated human creatures. These gaps were known as the Aubrey openings after their pioneer John Aubrey. Toward the upper east of the discard a 16ft. tall heel stone was raised (Brown 751). The second period of the structure is non-existent right up 'til the present time (Warwick and Trump I t can anyway be construed by to gaps known as the Q and R openings. The two openings structure a twofold hover around the landmark. It was initially loaded up with 38 blue stones. Likewise during this structure stage two trench were burrowed corresponding to one another. The two trench go outward from the passage. This part of the structure procedure is accepted to be incomplete. This idea is expected to the certainty that a few gaps are absent in the twofold circles (Brown 751). The third stage in building is the most breathtaking of the considerable number of stages. This is a direct result of the 100ft. Circle that is loaded up with 30 sarsen stone segments which gauges 25 tons independently. A nonstop hover of lintel stones held set up by mortise what's more, join joints finishes them off. Inside the circle is the openings known as the X and Y gaps. Additionally inside are a little horseshoe state of bluestones. The biggest bluestone is known as the raised area stone. This raised area stone's unique area and significance is obscure. It currently lies under two fallen trilithon stone. The developers of this period of Stonehenge are the Wessex culture of the early Bronze Age (Brown 752). The individuals who developed Stonehenge may never be known. There are numerous fantasies and legends with respect to who truly constructed the gigantic landmark. On such fantasy is that the incredible entertainer Merlin manufactured Stonehenge. This was asserted in the book History of the Kings of Britains composed by Geoffrey of Monmouth. As per Geoffrey the enormous stones were taken from Ireland and moved to England where they were set apart as a cemetery for killed British sovereigns. This landmark was set up by King Ambrosius. He sent for Merlin to give him a landmark. Merlin recommended the Move of the Giants in Ireland. Anyway the Irish were not going to surrender their landmark without a battle. They had set up a military to protect the mammoth landmark from King Ambrosius' military of fighters sent to bring the landmark. The British crushed the Irish yet could not move the mammoth stones at all, shape, or structure. Merlin, be that as it may, could. He acted the hero and moved the stones easily. This story was a decent clarification to every medieval adherent. Layout I. Development A. Stages 1. Period I 2. Period II 3. Period III B. Manufacturers 1. Celts and Druids 2. Merlin and King Ambrossius II. Reason A. Solstice Calendar B. Druids Gatherings C. Galactic Events III. Feeling toward Stonehenge A. People groups Emotions Then B. People groups Feelings now

Biology Paper Describe How Blood Flows Through The Heart - 1375 Words

Biology Paper: Describe How Blood Flows Through The Heart (Reaction Paper Sample) Content: 1.Describe how blood flows through the heart.As the human heart beats, it pumps blood through the system of blood vessels known as circulatory system. These vessels are muscular and elastic to carry blood to all body parts. Blood carries oxygen from lungs and nutrients to body tissues. Moreover, it carries waste products such as carbon iv oxide away from body tissues. This generally sustain the human body tissues.The three main blood vessels for blood transport are. * Arteries: they began with aorta which is responsible for carrying blood away from the heart which is rich in oxygen to all body tissues. Their sizes become smaller and smaller as they branch delivering blood to organs further from the heart. * Veins: they take blood back to the heart which as low oxygen and rich in waste products to pass from and to the heart. Generally, veins become larger as the approach the heart. The superior vena cava is the key vein that transport blood from head and arms to the he art. Similarly, the inferior vena cava transport blood from abdomen and legs into the heart. * Capillaries: These are small, thin blood vessels that connects arteries and the veins. They have thin walls that allows oxygen, nutrient and other waste products to pass to and from our organs cells.Blood flows through the body via blood vessels. The heart acts as the pump that makes it all possible.2.What controls heart beat?Heart beat is generally controlled by the electrical impulse in the heart which causes the heart muscles to contract and expand initiating heartbeat.3How do arteries differ from veins? * Arteries carry blood from heart to rest of body parts while veins carry blood back to the heart * Almost all arteries carry oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery while almost all veins carry deoxygenated blood apart from pulmonary vein. * Arteries have a thick elastic muscle layer while veins have thin layers i.e. heart pumps blood to arteries at high pressure thus the thick layer withstands the pressure while veins carry blood at low pressure. * Veins have valves while arteries have none. In arteries blood flows in the right direction since its pumped from heart at high pressure. The lower blood pressure in veins requires valves to stop it from coming back.4.what is blood pressure? what is hypertension?The blood pressure is the pressure of the circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure and is when the pressure of blood being pumped through arteries is higher than it should be.5.List factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. * Smoking * Inactivity * Diet * Stress * Alcohol consumption * Blood pressure * Cholesterol6.Identify 3 types of blood cells and their functions. * Red blood cells-They carry oxygen throughout the body and provide carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs to be exhaled. * White blood cells-The main function is to defend the body against pathogens and bacteria. * Thrombocyte s-They help the blood cells in formation of blood clots.7.what is respiration? What is ventilation?Ventilation is the movement of a volume of gas into and out of lungs.Respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide across a membrane in lungs or cellular level.8. How is respiration different from cellular respiration?Cellular respiration involves the breaking down of food into usable energy (ATP) for an organism, while respiration usually is the intake of oxygen and the release carbon dioxide.9.Outline the pathway of a breath of air from the nose to the alveoli.Nose-air enters your body through mouth or nose where it is held in nasal cavity or oral cavityPharynx- this is the path way through which the both air and food travel hence important passage for digestive and respiratory tracts.Larynx-After passing pharynx it proceeds to larynx (voice box) where it comes into contact with the glottis.Trachea- The air travels through the trachea (wind pipe) before it leaches the lung s.Bronchi-After air passes through the secondary bronchi it reaches tertiary bronchi which are even the small paths.Bronchioles-They are the finest conducting pathways within the respiratory systems.Alveoli-These are the areas within the lungs where the oxygen is transferred into the blood in exchange for carbon dioxide.10. Explain how pulmonary gas exchange occurs.The exchange takes place in lungs and involves respiratory processes that have contact with external environment. The process removes CO2 from blood and replenishes the blood O2 supply. Gas exchange occur down a pressure gradient via a process known as diffusion. When we breath in we inspire air consisting of O2 and CO2. These gases have pressure related to their concentration within the gas mixture. Difference in partial pressure between the gases in the alveoli and blood create a pressure gradient across respiratory membrane. The gases move from an area of high concertation to area of low concentration. Since the freshl y inspired air in alveoli is high in O2 it diffuses across the membranes into blood where the concentration of O2 is low thus the blood is oxygenated and sent to tissue of the body for use. The expelled blood is high in CO2 and thus diffuses into membrane into alveoli to area of low CO2 concentration. It is the expelled via the lung. For O2 to be absorbed into the blood it binds with hemoglobin.11. Identify three diseases of the respiratory system and state the causes of each disease.Emphysema-caused by smokingMalignant tumors-caused by smoking tobaccoPulmonary edema- leakage of fluid from capillaries of the lung into alveoli.12.What organs make up the gastrointestinal tract? What are the accessory organs of digestion?Accessory organs of digestion are organs that helps with digestion but is not part of digestive tract. They are tongue, saliva glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder.Organs that make up the GI tract are: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestines. 13. Describe peristalsis and its role in digestion.Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves foods to different processing stations in the digestive tract. It begins in esophagus when a bolus of food is swallowed. The strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle in the esophagus carry the food to the stomach where it is churned into a liquid mixture called chime. The process continues in small intestine where it mixes and shifts the chime back and forth allowing nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream through small intestinal walls. Peristalsis concludes in large intestine where water from the undigested food material is absorbed into the bloodstream. The waste products are excreted from the body through the rectum and anus.14. Define mechanical and chemical digestion?Mechanical digestion is the physical breaking of the food into smaller pieces and begins in the mouth.Chemical digestion involves breakdown of food into simpler nutrients that can be us ed by the cells.15. Describe the functions of stomach. * The stomach can expand to store the food temporarily. * Partial digestion of the food takes...

Economic Factors Led To Us Stock Market Crash Of 1929 - 2475 Words

Economic Factors That Led To The Us Stock Market Crash Of 1929 (Research Paper Sample) Content: ECONOMIC FACTORS THAT LED TO THE US STOCK MARKET CRASH OF 1929Name:Course:Date:Economic Factors that Led to the Crash of the US Stock Market on 1929AbstractThe US stock market crash started on the 24th of October in 1929 a Thursday and it became known as the Black Thursday, it was the worst day in the US economic history. The stock prices in the market fell that day and it took years to try and revive the market. Many companies, firms, and people lost their investments when the markets came crashing. Not even one investor was spared and many people could be seen crowding outside Wall Street that day talking with their fellow investors. The crash meant that many companies had fallen completely and the people who had invested in them had lost their money. A mini crash had occurred on March but it was contained and this bought more time for the market. There were many adverse effects of the stock market failing but the worst one was the Great Depression that followed aft er the market tumbled. This paper discusses and focuses on some of the major causes that led to the fall of the stock market in 1929. There are detailed explanations on each point that was a major contributor to the fall and it seeks to explain how all of these happened. It seeks to find the root cause and how the market grew to the point it had reached and where it started to decline. There is a vivid explanation in each step and there are also some highlights on how the economy had grown and the negativity it impacted on the stock market. The rapid growth of the stock market, increase in crop produce, and the increase in the number of banks all laid the foundations for the crash of the stock market on the 24th of October 1929. Overproduction of goods to low consumer levels, buying on the margin, credit boom of the early 20th century, and agricultural recession are some of the causes that led to the crash of the stock market.DiscussionBuying on the margin means that the people coul d buy shares and not pay the full amount required. This meant someone could pay for only 10 to 20 % of the total value of the shares they intended to buy and borrow the remaining percentage. This allowed a lot of money to be put into shares and there were very many margin millionaires. This caused the share prices to rise greatly and they made a lot of profits. All the margin millionaires were vulnerable when the stock prices began to fall and they lost a lot of their money.1 They were wiped out and those that lent them money including banks suffered the loss too. During the period of the 1920s, many people speculated that if they invested in the stock market they would be assured of a solid investment. The continued growth of the stock prices in the market gave the investors an assurance they needed in order to buy. Many people took out loans and invested while others sold some of their assets and to raise funds for investing. 2There was panic when the markets crashed on the Black Thursday causing many people to rush and sell their stock since they did not want to keep on holding to worthless investment. This rampant selling of stock affected the market more and many people did not manage to sell their stock since no one was buying and they were aware of the fall. The stock prices continued to drop for two more years and many people lost their entire savings and many companies were affected. Many people lost their entire life savings and many other assets. 3-63512065001 Sornette, Didier. Why stock markets crash: critical events in complex financial systems. Princeton University Press, 2009.2 White, Eugene N. "The stock market boom and crash of 1929 revisited." The Journal of Economic Perspectives 4, no. 2 (1990): 67-83.3 Schwert, G. William. "Stock market volatility." Financial analysts journal (1990): 23-34.A great depression followed after the market crash thereby resulting in one of the worst economic periods in the US. The great depression affected other economies and stock markets in the world like the London Stock Exchange.4In the 1920s the financial sector boomed and many banks grew and expanded a lot. The rapid growth in the economy gave people the assurance they needed and so they took loans to invest. They invested in many industries, bought shares in the stock market, started companies, others bought lands to practice farming, and much more. The economy encouraged even the banks, therefore, they invested large chunks of the peoples money while some saw the chance to expand rapidly. Many firms, various sizes of companies, and startups took out large loans to expand their businesses. Other companies also took loans and invested in the stock market.50270954500The wild speculation affected the people who took loans as they anticipated more growth expecting to pay back their loans soon. The stock prices began to fall and all those who took loans to invest in the stock market were affected. A large population of the productive peop le in the country were in debt to various financial institutions and the banks too were affected as they had used the peoples deposit for other projects. This means that people were highly indebted and therefore, they were highly exposed and more vulnerable to any change in confidence. The change came in 1929 and they were in fear so they sold rapidly whatever shares they had acquired in order not to lose a lot and redeem their debts.64 Amadeo K. Stock Market Crash of 1929 Facts, Causes, and Impact. (2017).5 Pettinger T. What Caused the Wall Street Crash of 1929? (2012). The Balance Inc.6 Schwert, G. William. "Stock volatility and the crash of87." Review of financial Studies 3, no. 1 (1990): 77-102.In the decade after the World War I the agricultural sector was in a mess as it struggled to maintain its profitability. Many farmers gave up their economic activity and were carried with the wave of industrialization because it was the new thing. There was a new economic climate in th e country and this posed a threat to the agricultural economy. Many farmers were greatly affected as they were driven out of business since they could not compete with the new climate. The people who had large tracts of land were able to apply the new trends of agricultural technology to their farms. The development and innovations in agriculture increased the supply of farm produce in the country. The major problem was that the increase in food supply was at a very high rate compared to the increase in demand for food.7279403006090The overproduction of food meant that there was no market for all the farm produce and there was an oversupply. The oversupply affected the market prices of food and it fell affecting both the small-scale and large- scale farmers. Their incomes dropped hugely and they were left with little money yet with a lot of crops that had no market. There was a change in the market as many small-scale farmers were forced to move to the cities to look for a living af ter the disappointment they had. 8 Many of the farmers did not have skills in any other profession meaning they were unskilled, it was very hard for them to find jobs anywhere. Many were depressed and those that had invested heavily in their farms were the most affected. 9 Some farmers had taken loans to finance their economic activity and most had listed their farms7 Romer, Christina D. "The great crash and the onset of the great depression." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 105, no. 3 (1990): 597-624.8 Bhide, Amar. "The hidden costs of stock market liquidity." Journal of financial economics 34, no. 1 (1993): 31-51.9 Shiller, Robert J. Irrational exuberance. Princeton university press, 2015.as the securities to their loans. Most lost their farms as the banks were forced to possess them in order to recover the loans they took.Another factor that attributed to the fall of the stock market was the weak banking system in the country. This was caused because the country had very many growing medium firms and the banks were more than 30000. The cash deposits to the banks were not usually of a substantial amount as they competed for whatever amount of money that was available. The banks were at a very high risk of becoming bankrupt in case there was a run on the deposits.11The banks that were the most affected were those in rural areas when there was the agricultural recession. The rural areas were mainly made up of farmers and the banks major customers in those areas were the farmers. More than 5000 banks collapsed between 1923 and 1930.The banks became bankrupt and they collapsed bearing an adverse effect to the economy. Many people who were employed in the banks lost their jobs and the banks were not hiring any more, they were cutting down on their staff. The people who had their money in the banks were greatly affected as they lost their money when the banks went down. Many people were left penniless, hopeless, and jobless and this state increased the poverty levels in the country.1219050863600010. Bordo, Michael D., Angela Redish, and Hugh Rockoff. "Why didn't Canada have a banking crisis in 2008 (or in 1930, or 1907, or)?"The Economic History Review68, no. 1 (2015): 218-243.11. Bordo, Michael D., and Joseph G. Haubrich. "Deep recessions, fast recoveries, and financial crises: Evidence from the American record."Economic Inquiry55, no. 1 (2017): 527-541.12. Laeven, Luc. "The development of local capital markets: rationale and challenges." (2014).The advent of the 20th century saw many companies grow and there were a lot of inventions too. The banking industry was growing rapidly and many new banks were being opened to cater for the newly rich. The newly rich were the young people who were working in the stock market, the industries, the banks, the inven...

Wages For The American Worker Essay - 2526 Words

Honest Wages for The American Worker Congratulations, you are hired! The four words that people long to hear. However, for many newly employed workers, their new job will not pay an income that will enable them to live comfortably. In 2015, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that 2.6 million Americans, or approximately 3.3 percent of all hourly paid workers earned wages at, or below the federal minimum wage. Since 2009, the federal minimum wage amount has remained stagnant. Bringing this number to a level that is consistent with the cost of living is a basic right for every wage earning American. Raising the minimum wage enables working people to live above the poverty line. Although opposition states that raising the wage will increase unemployment, the increase would actually reduce the number of persons receiving food stamps, stimulate the economy, in addition to reducing income inequality. According to a Washington Post-ABC news poll, two-thirds of Americans say the minimum wage should be increased. In 2015, protests by low wage workers garnered media attention and captured the nation’s attention. Workers exposed the low wage paying practices by several big-name corporations. These companies included Macy’s, Sears and Walmart in addition to fast-food outlets Dunkin Donuts, McDonald’s and Subway. Pressure is building on Congress to raise the amount, nevertheless this is not the first time Congress has wrestled with this subject. The Fair Labor Standards Act was aShow MoreRelatedThe Minimum Wage Must Benefit Millions Of American Workers989 Words   |  4 Pagescent minimum wage, and a 40 hour work week for many professions, but nowadays, the minimum wage has fallen well behind the cost of living and fallen behind inflation. 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For many wageworkers, the American dream isRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream is the sole reason that millions of people decided to come to this country, whether it be generations ago, or last week. But even so, this shared dream faces problems. To solve the p roblem, the American Dream has to be defined. James Truslow Adams, author of the 1931 book The Epic of America, was the first person to mention and therefore define the American Dream. He established it as: â€Å"[T]hat dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, withRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Raised?1337 Words   |  6 Pagesdisgrace that millions of full-time workers are living in poverty and millions more are forced to work two or three jobs just to pay their bills† (Wolf 1). Sanders has said this frequently and is referring to the drastic amount of Americans who are currently struggling, despite already having a job. 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President Obama and many other protesters around the country who are fighting for the increase in theRead More The Immigration and Job Loss Debate Essays1170 Words   |  5 Pagesthese jobs away from American workers. I look at it as jobs they are left with, not ones they are taking. The debate always shows an American family that has been displaced or lost their livelihood because they can no longer compete with cheaper labor. In reality the jobs that the immigrants get are the most undesirable, strenuous and dangerous ones. The only American workers that they compete with are the unskilled ones. I intend to explore if immig rants taking American jobs, if they are onlyRead MoreThe rise and fall of Labor Unions1545 Words   |  7 Pagesunions Labor union is an organized association of workers, in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. During the industrial revolution in Europe there was a rise in new workers without representation in the workplace. 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The Effects Of Advertising On Society s Food Choices

How we can be so manipulated into eating something so terrible, or good for us? People in the world have to make the choice between fast food and healthy eating. Between television commercials, magazines advertisements, and billboards it can be hard to make the right decision. Food advertisements sometime choose women in their ads to attract men. Also, they sometimes show meals with toys to attract children. On the other hand, some ads use contrast in their ads. For example, they choose a skinny man and fat man, because they want to show what the difference is between these bodies and which of them is healthy. The advertisements effectively use logos, ethos, and the emotions to convince the people about their products. In my paper, two advertisements will explain the impact that they have on society’s food choices. My first advertisement is for MacDonald’s. 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What Does It Mean You Be A Hum Constantly Changing Definition

What Does it Mean to be a Human: Constantly Changing Definition There has been an ongoing debate within psychology circles as to what makes greater impact on a person’s behavior – one’s genetics and inheritance or upbringing and surrounding. There are numerous proponents on both sides. It is a conventional wisdom for everybody that certain physical characteristics are predetermined before we are born as they come from genetics: color of the eyes, hair, body structure, color of skin etc. Each person has its own unique genetic code. This fact has led many scientists to think that a set pf psychological characteristics are predetermined too. For example, mental abilities, behavioral patterns, speed of speech etc. This is a so-called†¦show more content†¦It suggests that at birth a human’s mind is tabula rasa (a blank slate). Through experience and environment this slate fills in with behavioral patterns and attitudes (McLeod). The way a person is brought up governs the way he or she learns and matures in the future and shapes its behavioral differences from other people. Between biological and behavioral approaches to understanding a person there are many other approaches that are not that radical in their explanations as to why one people behave differently from others. Freud’s theory, for example, is that all people are governed by innate drive of sex and aggression (nature). However, the way they externalize it depends on social upbringing and environment (nurture). As opposed to Freud’s approach, social learning theory says that aggression is learnt from the environment through observation and imitation and is not inherited (Davies). Another debate was provoked by American psychologist Arthur Jensen that argued that 80% of intellectual abilities of a person come from his or her genes. He made this assumption after conducting an experiment were he evaluate IQ of African race against Caucasians and identified that the former had significantly lower IQ points. For many environmentalists, however, such drastic differences in IQ testing are due to socially biased methods of testing (McLeod). Moreover, it only proves that society is very important in enhancing or decreasing intellectual abilities as the majority

Old Versus Young The Temptation Of Adam And Eve Receive...

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Business Event Management Theory - Research and Policy

Question: Describe about the Business Event Management for Theory, Research and Policy. Answer: Introduction: The following report deals with the three scenarios differing from each other on the basis of the magnitude of the event and the number of delegates(Gupta and Nellimoottil 2015). Selection of venue is dependent on many factors (Carter 2013). The first scenario elucidates an event where the number of delegates is 200 and the number of exhibitors is 10. Hence the organizers can use a small conference venue which will be apt for the scenario. In the second scenario, the number of delegates is increasing to 600 to 1500 and the exhibitors are 50 in number. The organizers can, therefore, choose a medium sized venue which will provide ample space for the delegates. The third scenario deals with an international event where the number of delegates is around 5000 and it will consist of foreign delegates of different nationals. The last scenario calls for an extensive and luxurious venue where the delegates can find ample space and the conference can be conducted without a hitch. Discussion: Overview of destination as a business events city: Sydney is one of the most preferred choices for a convention in Australia and there is more than one reason for that. The predominant reason is its beauty as a city brimming with iconic structures and buildings. Even nature is bountiful in the city with the splendid Sydney Cove which is defined as one of the finest harbors in the world. Sydney, particularly its CBD (Central Business District), is particularly known for the head offices of various eminent Australian companies as well as international companies (Cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au 2016). In terms of location also, Sydney is well connected with different cities of Australia and also international cities around the globe. Sydney airport is a few kilometers away from the CBD and the train service is also excellent. Sydney is also home to a variety of luxurious hotels and conference venues. Hence, Sydney would be a perfect choice for the three scenarios with diverse requirements. Venue selection process: When it came to selection of conference venues in Sydney, it was a challenging work to some extent. The popular websites like tripadvisor.com provided an overview of the popular conference venues available on hire in Sydney CBD area. On the basis of the research, it was discovered that the conference venue called Stamford Plaza Sydney Airport Hotel suited the first scenario (Stamford.com.au 2016). The background information of the hotel was collected from the official website and the venue was also personally inspected to check the services and the space available for the conference. The second venue chosen was Park Hyatt Sydney which was preferred because of the location as well as the ample suits present in the hotel (Sydney.park.hyatt.com 2016). The third venue was selected more carefully because the third scenario dealt with an international conference to be attended by a diverse group of international delegates (Sofitelsydney.com.au 2016). Various sources were available like the official websites and commercial websites for the venues. The reviews were studied properly to estimate the popularity of the hotels and the venues were personally inspected to ensure that the hotels delivered what they promised (Rogers and Davidson 2015). Scenario: a The small business event would be held in Stamford Plaza Sydney Airport Hotel. The chosen venue boasts of eleven rooms which cater to almost 500 people (Stamford.com.au 2016). The delegates are mostly corporate associates and hence the venue was chosen in accordance with the tastes and needs of the delegates. The rooms are spacious enough to accommodate the delegates and the exhibitors. There is a large function area which further leads into nine more function areas. It will help the organizers to plan the management of the event properly. There should also be scope for video and audio conferencing in the venue. Proper facilities are available in the Stamford Plaza Sydney Airport Hotel which would enable the smooth conduction of the business event (Beech et al. 2014). There is a dedicated staff that will cater to the needs of the delegates arriving for the event. There is a proper parking lot and there is a scope for the cars to access the ballroom. Specific teams will be appointed to look after different aspects of the business meeting. Another important facto r is the accessibility of the hotel. It should be situated in such a place that delegates from different parts of the country can reach the place easily (Dowson and Bassett 2015). The chosen venue is located near domestic and international airport terminals. This ensures the accessibility of the hotel. The ambience of the hotel is also suitable for any kind of business event in the chosen venue. The rooms in the hotel have the accommodation for natural light. The event would span over two days which would call for accommodation for the delegates. The chosen venue has the option for staying overnight as well. There are adequate numbers of bedrooms, restrooms, dining halls and such other related facilities (Stamford.com.au 2016). Scenario: b The medium size business event would be held in the Park Hyatt Sydney. The strength of the business event is 600-1500 delegates and 50 exhibitors. Hence the venue should be chosen in such a way that it can accommodate the attendees perfectly. Since the number of delegates and exhibitors has increased in number compared to the previous scenario, the current scenario needs a venue with a greater capacity. Hence the hotel Par Hyatt Sydney has been chosen to meet the requirements. The chosen venue is also famous for the corporate conferences held in their hotel (Sydney.park.hyatt.com 2016). The delegates comprise associates coming from different parts of the country. Hence the venue was chosen which catered to the varying tastes of the delegates. Located at the premium and coveted Sydney harbor front, the venue is accessible from different parts of the country (Sydney.park.hyatt.com 2016). There are in total 155 rooms and suits which would prevent overcrowding of the guests. The conference rooms at the hotel also provide all the necessary equipments that ar e required during the conferences. The hotel boasts of modern technology and specially commissioned artwork in their elegant rooms and suites. The Park Hyatt Sydney hotel provides for entertainment of the guests (Salem et al. 2012). The spa at the hotel consists of private treatment rooms, relaxation room, steam room, outdoor whirlpool and gymnasium (Sydney.park.hyatt.com 2016). The Park Hyatt Sydney features a famous dining room which provides a spectacular water view of the Sydney harbor. The events should be scheduled in such a way that it is able to hold the interest of the delegates (Edwards et al. 2014). The hotel also has an experienced team of concierges who will be available for helping the guests and they will be delighted to help in the arrangements of the conference. Scenario: c The large conference would be held in the Sofitel Sydney Wentworth. The 5 star hotel is perfect for the conference which would consist of 5000 delegates. It is going to be a 5 day international conference comprising delegates from diverse backgrounds. It is only 500 meters away from the nearest airport which is an important factor to reckon since many delegates will be arriving from foreign nations (Sofitelsydney.com.au 2016). The number of delegates has increased; therefore the hotel has been chosen which can accommodate5000 guests. Sofitel Sydney Wentworth has one of the largest ballrooms in Sydney (Sofitelsydney.com.au 2016). It has a large foyer which acts as an exhibition area or a meeting area. The ballroom is equipped with the latest audio visual facilities which will aid in the conduction of the conference. The hotel also has a large business centre, library, vast concierge team and valet services (Sofitelsydney.com.au 2016). The conference will be attended by a large number of foreign delegates; therefore intricate details like the facilitie s provided by the hotel or the menu should be taken into account while planning the whole event. The conference will take place for a time period of 5 days which makes it necessary for the organizers of the event to make arrangements for accommodation for the guests during this time period in the hotel. The selected hotel offers 463 elegant, guest rooms and exquisite suites (Sofitelsydney.com.au 2016). In terms of food also, the organizers need to keep in mind that there should be diversity reflected in the menu. The Soiree and Garden Court restaurant at the hotel offers an excellent experience of cuisine from all over the globe (Sofitelsydney.com.au 2016). Other modes of entertainment should also be arranged for the guests like ceremonies and games (Quinn 2013). The safety of the delegates should also be on the priority list of the organizers (Getz and Page 2016). Conclusion: The selection of a proper venue is based on a number of variables like the magnitude of the event, the number of delegates and the kind of delegates who will be arriving. In case of delegates coming from different parts of the country, the venue was chosen such that it was accessible easily from their places. When it came to the international conference, the venue was chosen suitably near an airport so that the foreign delegates would not find any difficulty in arriving at the venue. The food items and the modes of attraction were also chosen based on the kind of delegates. Hence, it can be safely assumed that the determination of a venue occupies an important place in a business event management. References: Beech, J., Kaiser, S. and Kaspar, R. 2014.The Business of events management. Pearson Higher Ed.Van der Wagen, L. 2010.Event management. Pearson Higher Education AU. Carter, L. 2013.Event planning. AuthorHouse. Cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au. (2016). Home - City of Sydney. [online] Available at: https://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Dowson, R. and Bassett, D. 2015.Event Planning and Management: A Practical Handbook for PR and Events Professionals. Kogan Page Publishers. Edwards, D., Foley, C., Dwyer, L., Schlenker, K. and Hergesell, A. (2014) Evaluating the economic contribution of a large indoor entertainment venue: An In scope expenditure study, Event Management, 18(4), pp. 407420. Getz, D. and Page, S.J. 2016.Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Routledge. Gupta, A. and Nellimoottil, T.T., EVENTFORTE, INC. 2015.METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR SECURING VENUE RENTAL AND OPTIMIZING EVENT MANAGEMENT. U.S. Patent 20,150,254,580. Quinn, B. 2013.Key concepts in event management. Sage. Rogers, T. and Davidson, R., 2015.Marketing destinations and venues for conferences, conventions and business events(Vol. 14). Routledge. Salem, G., Jones, E. and Morgan, N. 2012. An overview of events management.Festival and Events Management, p.14. Sofitelsydney.com.au. 2016. Sofitel Sydney Wentworth | 5 Star Hotel in Sydney CBD. [online] Available at: https://www.sofitelsydney.com.au/ [Accessed 30 Aug. 2016]. Stamford.com.au. 2016. Meeting Conference Rooms Venues in Sydney. [online] Available at: https://www.stamford.com.au/conference-meetings/sydney-meetings--conferences [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016]. Sydney.park.hyatt.com. (2016). Park Hyatt Sydney | Luxury Sydney Hotel in the Rocks. [online] Available at: https://sydney.park.hyatt.com/ [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016].

Fredric Jameson and the limits of postmodern theory Essay Example For Students

Fredric Jameson and the limits of postmodern theory Essay The impetus behind this paper has been the recent publication of Fredric Jamesons 1991 Welleck Lectures, The Seeds of Time. 1 As these lectures were delivered a decade after Jamesons initial attempts to map the terrain of postmodernity it appeared to me to provide an occasion to reflect upon the current status of Jamesons highly influential and much criticised theory of postmodernism as the cultural logic of late capitalism. It also enables me to return to, what I consider to be, one of the most troubling aspects of Jamesons writing on postmodernism, that is to say, the waning, to use Jamesons term, of the political imagination. As Jameson is probably the foremost Marxist theorist writing on postmodernism and one of the most influential of contemporary cultural critics, I find this paralysis of the political imagination in the face of postmodernism deeply problematic. As most of you are probably aware postmodernism is inherently paradoxical and playful. There is, suggests Jameson a kind of winner loses logic about it, the more one tries to define what is characteristically postmodern the less characteristic it turns out to be. Postmodernism, by definition resists definition. Theoretically, postmodernism can only theorise its own conditions of impossibility; with neither a fixed subject nor object there can be no theory of postmodernism as such. This paradoxicality is what Jameson now identifies as the antinomies of postmodernity, the aporia or theoretical impasses which mesmerise postmodern theory and unlike the older (modernist) discourse of dialectical contradiction remain unresolvable at a higher level of abstraction. Jameson identifies four fundamental antinomies of postmodernism: time and space, subject and object, nature and human nature, and finally the concept of Utopia. Today I will focus on just the first of these antinomies, what Jameson describes as the foundational antinomy of postmodernism, that is, time and space, and suggest that the failure to think beyond the antinomy is symptomatic of a more general failing in Jamesons theory as a whole. I shall also venture to suggest that a more dialectical understanding of temporality and spatiality may enable us to move beyond what Jameson sees as the limits of the postmodern. Before engaging with this debate, however, I will briefly recapitulate Jamesons original thesis and what I still consider to be the importance of his theoretical endeavour. Jamesons initial intervention in the postmodern debate, in a 1982 essay `The Politics of Theory,2 was primarily an attempt to map the ideological landscape of postmodernism, however, the article concluded on a characteristic Jamesonian note, insisting on `the need to grasp the present as history. Jameson, then, initially seemed to suggest the possibility of a way through the impasse of the two most influential strains of thought emerging at that time in relation to postmodernism. On the one hand, one encountered an uncritical celebration of the concept by the postmodernists themselves, and, on the other, the charge of cultural degeneracy was being levelled by more traditional critics and older modernists. We must avoid, argued Jameson, adopting either of these essentially moralising positions, and rather develop a more fully historical and dialectical analysis of the situation. Whether we like it or not there was a perception that culturally something had changed, we may disagree on what that change entails but the perception itself has a reality that must be accounted for. To repudiate such a cultural change was simply facile, to thoughtlessly celebrate it was complacent and corrupt; what was required was an assessment of this `new cultural production within the working hypothesis of a general modification of culture itself within the social restructuration of late capitalism as a system. It was this promise to historically situate postmodernism in relation to transformations in the capitalist system and the development of global multinational capital that, for many like myself who at once embraced aspects of postmodern theory whilst remaining critical of its often ambiguous political stance, was probably the single most significant aspect of Jamesons theory. At the same time, however, the precise nature of the relationship between postmodernism as a cultural phenomenon and late capitalism as a system was left somewhat under-theorised and, for myself at least, this has remained one of the most troubling aspects of Jamesons theory of postmodernity. That is to say, Jamesons notion of postmodernism as a cultural dominant, or the cultural logic of late capitalism. Very briefly there are three broad uses of the term, postmodernism or postmodernity, to have emerged in the 1980s: firstly, as a cultural category, deriving mainly from debates in architecture but also applicable to the other arts and literature. In this sense postmodernism is defined in relation to modernism and specifically the high modernism of the inter- war years. The second sense concerns the notion of epistemic or epochal transition has taken place. That is, Lyotards much heralded theory of the end of grand universalising narratives. This is also linked to the specifically cultural definition of postmodernism through the idea that the arts can no longer associated with a wider socio-historical project of human emancipation. The whole Enlightenment project, argued Lyotard, has come to an end, how can we still meaningfully speak of human progress and the rational control of the life world after Auschwitz and Stalins gulags. This seems to me to be a particularly spurious argument but perhaps we can return to it later. The third use of the term postmodernism has been to define, albeit rather imprecisely, some recent trends within French philosophy, particularly what have been called the new Philosophies. Again I remain rather unclear about what is imputedly postmodern here as many of the philosophical positions adopted are strikingly modernist in tone and substance. Jameson use of the term attempted to straddle or incorporate these debates within a more totalizing theory of postmodernity. That is, Jameson takes postmodernism to be a periodising concept, it is neither a narrowly cultural category designating specific features which distinguish postmodernism from modernism proper; nor a global category designating a new epoch and radical break with the past; rather, the term serves to `correlate the emergence of new formal features in culture with the emergence of a new type of social life and a new economic order. What has become known as late or multinational capitalism. I should, perhaps, point out that the problem for Marxists with the notion of postmodernism, particular in the second sense in which I defined it above, as a new economic and social order, is that at a stroke it abolishes Marxisms founding premise. That is to say, its historical emancipatory narrative. Marxism, along with psychoanalysis, is exemplary of the kind of grand narratives that postmodernism has, allegedly, delegitimated. The significance of the theory of late capitalism, as it was developed by the Ernest Mandel, therefore, cannot be understated in relation to Jamesons overall project. The theory of Late capitalism at once acknowledges a further development and restructuration of the capitalism on a global scale but does not posit a radical break with the past. Late capitalism, consumer society, the post-industrial society, what ever one wishes to call it, is still fundamentally the same economic system. There are two other important factors regarding late capitalism that will concern us later: firstly each successive expansion of the capitalist system entails a corresponding technological revolution. Secondly that changes in the social and economic spheres involve a change in the spatial paradigm. I will come back to both of these points below. Late or advanced capitalism therefore does not present us with a radically new system or life world; Baudrillards world of protean communication networks, simulacrum and hyperreality but rather a restructuration at higher levels of production of the same system. Postmodernism represents not so much a break with the past but a purer form of capitalism, a further intensification of the logic of capitalism, of commodification and reification. Indeed, argues Jameson, late capitalism marks the final colonisation of the last enclaves of resistance to commodification: the Third World, the Unconscious and the aesthetic. Unlike modernism, postmodernism does not attempt to refuse its status as a commodity, on the contrary it celebrates it. Postmodernism marks the final and complete incorporation of culture into the commodity system. Hence the slippage within Jamesons work between the two terms, postmodernism and late capitalism, as both come to signify the same object and to be equated with the totality itself. In Jamesons first extended attempt to specifically define the postmodern, he suggested, that postmodernism was characterised by a new experience of time and space. Our experience of temporality has been radically transformed and dislocated through the dual effects of the dissolution of the autonomous centred subject and the collapse of universal historical narratives. Drawing on Lacans work on schizophrenia and the Deleuzes notion of the nomadic or schizoid subject, Jameson argued that our sense of temporality was now radically disrupted and discontinuous. Without a coherent or unified sense of the subject it becomes increasingly difficult to speak of temporality in terms of memory, narrative and history. We are condemned to a perpetual present, the immediacy of seemingly random, unconnected signifiers. In short, Baudrillards world of simulacra and hyper-reality, a world without reference or fixed meaning. The positive side of this, if one can speak of it in such terms, is that individual isolated signifiers appear to become more real, shorn of any residual meaning they become more literal and material in their own right. We now experience moments of schizophrenic intensity rather than modernist duration, of aesthetic boredom and estrangement. The spatial corollary of this loss of temporality has been the pervasive flattening of space. Initially structuralism bracketed the referent and any notion of the referentiality of language, post-structural and postmodernist theory took this a step further and bracketed any sense of a signified. Words, signs, images no longer refer us to anything other than other words, signs, images in endless chains of signification. The Flu Epidemic F 1918 EssayBut one gets very little sense of how the one relates to the other. In terms of postmodern spatiality what Jameson wishes to emphasis is the alarming disjunction between the individuals perception of their own bodies and their immediate surroundings and the global environment that we now find ourselves within. Jameson finds this new spatiality particularly disorientating and suffocating, he writes, that postmodern space `involves the suppression of distance and the relentless saturation of any remaining voids and empty places, to the point where the postmodern body s now exposed to a perpetual barrage of immediacy from which all sheltering layers and intervening mediations have been removed. Postmodern spatiality is a realm of chaotic immediacy, in which our bodies are bereft of any spatial co-ordinates and are incapable of distantiation. Although, I would venture, that if Jameson paid more attention to the mediating role of institutional, local and n ational aspects of postmodernism he would find postmodern spatiality a little less bewildering. However, such concerns are ruled out, a priori, by Jamesons overly totalizing perspective, postmodern spatiality is, by definition, without mediation, I can elaborate on this later if anyone wishes. Quite simply, the problem with this is that it reinstates the position that Jameson and a number of other notable theorist were trying to get away from in the first place. The emphasis on spatial analysis in Jamesons work, and postmodernism generally, has emerged from a much wider debate within the social sciences and particularly from the work of Marxist geographers in the mid-70s. The new geographers challenged the privileged position accorded to temporality in social theory, insisting on the necessity of a more dynamic conception of space. Space had always been assigned a secondary position in relation to time; temporality is history, it is dynamic, the site of the dialectics, it is the potential for change and transformation, the historical possibility of revolution. Space, on the other hand, has always been seen as static and inert, space is simply given, a neutral category, an emptiness which is filled up with objects. The new geographers challenged the contemporary conceptions of space insisting that space is not given but produced. Socially produced space, spatiality, is not inert and static but is itself constitutive of social relations. Spatial relations and spatial processes are infact social relations taking a particular geographical form. Therefore, we cannot simply take space as a given but require what Henri Lefebvre called a unitary theory of space, a theory of space which brings together all its elements: physical space, mental space and social space. What Lefebvre calls the perceived, the conceived and the lived. For the postmodern and Marxist geographers spatiality is differential, conflictual and contradictory, the very antithesis of Jamesons conception of postmodern space. Whereas, originally the transformation of space was a constitutive feature of postmodernism by the late 80s it had become the constitutive feature of postmodernism. Modernism was seen as essentially temporal whereas postmodernism became spatial. Modernism was valorised as dynamic, the site of history, narrative and memory, in short, the potential for change. Postmodernism the site of pure immanence, immediacy, stasis and above all a disorientating and disempowering realm of space. Space is the place from which no meaningful politics can be conceived. Despite Jamesons ostensible intentions space he has once more become negatively defined in relation to time. In an interesting article on the politics of space and time, Doreen Massey has observed how Jamesons dichotomy of space and time is clearly linked to a second dichotomy, that of transcendence and immanence: temporality is ascribed transcendence and spatiality immanence. Faced with the horror of multiplicity of postmodern space Jameson can only vainly call in the wind for new forms of cognitive mapping. This is what I referred to a moment ago as Jamesons residual modernist sympathies, sympathies clearly indicated in the opening chapter of The Seeds of Time, `The Antinomies of Postmodernity with its echoes of Lukcs and the antinomies of bourgeois thought. Jameson comes out of an essenti ally literary and modernist tradition, his concern with spatiality has always been a concerned with what I called early conceived space. Jameson reads space as a text, and the semiotics of space its grammar and syntax. Jameson has no sense of space as either lived physical space or social space. Jamesons notion of cognitive mapping is founded upon a dialect of perception but it lacks any real sense of the physical and spatial practice that would follow from it. The flattening of space that Jameson identifies as characteristic of postmodernity is itself a symptom of his own theory which sees space simply in terms of representation. By ignoring what Lefebvre called the perceived and the lived Jameson has eradicated from space its differential, conflictual and above all contradictory character. Characteristics that we once more need to restore if any meaningful spatial politics are to be conceived. A reductionism at the level of theory rather than at the level of the experiential. Finally, therefore, I would suggest that what Jamesons theory lacks is any real sense of a spatio-temporal dialectic. That is to say, that modernism cannot simply be conceived in terms of a thematics of temporality any more than postmodernism can be conceived as completely spatial. I will conclude by suggesting a few ways in which this spatio-temporal dialectic can be thought of and perhaps offers a more theoretical satisfying position than Jamesons antinomies. In a recent article on modernity Peter Osborne has persuasively argued that what is unique about the temporality of modernity is its notion of contemporaneity. That is to say, modernity designates what is new, and what is new must be distinguished from even its most recent past, the modern will always be that which is new. In other words, modernity is a qualitative and not a chronological category. What interests me here is that the temporality of modernity can only be grasped as a dialectic of homogenisation (its contemporaneity) and differentiation (its distancing of itself from other historical epochs). Furthermore this dialectic can only be in relation to modernitys spatial relations; that is the geopolitics of modernity, the history of colonialism. Osborne writes: the concept of modernity was first universalized through the spatialization of its founding temporal difference, under colonialism; thereafter, the differential between itself and other times was reduced to a difference within a single temporal scale of progress, modernisation and development. As Althusser reminded us, different modes of production project different temporalities, the universalisation of the capitalist system could only take place through the eradication of distinct temporalities, that is to say the colonisation of all sites of pre-capitalist production. Now this in itself does not discredit Jamesons notion of postmodernism as the latest and purest form of capitalism. But it does begin to suggest a way of conceiving postmodernist temporality beyond the antinomy outlined above. Postmodernism does not represent a complete break with modernist temporality so much as an acceleration of this dialectic of homogenisation and differentiation, or what David Harvey has called time-space compression. 6 According to Harvey, `the history of capitalism has been characterised by the speed-up in the pace of life whilst simultaneously overcoming spatial barriers. What has happened with regard to postmodernism argues Harvey is that this speed-up has once more accelerated. That capitalism has embarked on one more fierce round `in the process of the annihilation of space through time that has always lain at the centre of capitalisms dynamic. But does not Harveys assertion that postmodernism is marked by an increased annihilation of space through time seem to be at odds with Jamesons assertion that space is now the experiential dominant? On the contrary, if space is increasingly eradicated through temporal acceleration then what spaces that remain become ever more important, ever more significant. `The superior command of space, writes Harvey, `becomes an even more important weapon in class-struggle. If this is the case, then one can begin to think of the ways in which political struggles now take place, as struggles over space. The recent emergence of road protesters as well as animal rights protests over the transportation of live stock are both essentially spatial conflicts. Questions of Third World development, famine and debt are also spatial in the sense that they concern the particular utilisation and control of space. I am not suggesting that all traditional forms of struggle be replaced by joining road protesters but I am suggesting, contrary to Jameson, that it is possible to envisage forms of political action within the postmodern spatial paradigm. Some of us may wish to link up these protests with more traditional or orthodox forms of political activity but we disregard them at our peril. We would also need to conceive of a form of spatial politics in terms of the way our urban environments construct and constrain our subjectivity and different forms of social life. The development of shopping centres may provide safe, although that is now seriously questionable, and clean environments to shop but they also privatise what may have previously been public space and our access to that space is now limited and policed. Furthermore, the steadily increasing privatisation of public means that there are fewer and fewer places to freely congregate in the centres of cities. In many cities, and Manchester does not appear to be one of them, the homeless in particular are being forced further and further out of sight and out of the commercial districts. I am not articulating a clearly thought out programme here, these are just a few of the areas though that I could conceive of a properly postmodern form of spatial politics emerging.

The Mongols Essays - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan, Mongols

The Mongols It has been said that the Mongols were the most cruel and barbaric of the peoples that have roamed this earth. My research paper is on the greatest of the Mongols, Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan was, even in the lightest sense, a military genius. Genghis Khan almost conquered the world. He instilled in humankind a fear that lasted for ages. But what drove him to do it? Was it by chance? This paper will explain how the general's childhood molded the man into the best war general of the known world. The Mongols originally consisted of loosely organized nomadic tribes. (Nomadic refers to a tribe whose members wander and travel around, never staying in one place very long). They were considered barbarians, by European standards. They had no written language, and they were uneducated, except in warfare. Their land was in the most sense barren, for it was the Gobi Desert. In the Gobi, weather could change at a moments notice, from scorching heat to blustering cold. To protect themselves from the unforgiving cold, the Mongols smeared themselves with oil and grease. This offered sufficient protection, but they had to still worry about the wind, for the desert was barren, and with no trees to divert the wind, the gusts were sometimes enough to make riding on horseback difficult. Their culture was very unique. In the spring, meat, fur, and milk were abundant. In the winter, however, it was not. The Mongols evidently did not care much for their children, for they did not sacrifice their food for them. Whenever food was brought in during the winter, all of it was put in the a pot and then the order of people got it. The order of people were - the able-bodied men taking the first portions, the aged and the women received the pot next, and the children had to fight for the rest (Lamb 23). When there was a shortage of cattle, the children didn't survive so easily. Milk, one of their chief sources of nutrition, existed only in the form of kumiss, milk put in leather satchels, fermented and beaten. It was nourishment, and also intoxicating, especially to a kid of three or four years (Lamb 26). Their fires were not fueled by wood, since trees were scarce in the desert. Instead, it was fueled by cattle and horse dung, which had to make for a certainly unpleasant smell. When festivals came about, as they rarely did, big piles of dung were lit and the same order of the eating applied to the fire, with the women sometimes being able to sit! on the left of the fire. The children were not introduced to hardship; they were born into it. After they were weaned from their mothers milk to mare's milk, they were expected to manage almost entirely for themselves. The children learned to live by themselves, in houses, called yurts and they learned to organize hunts, stalking dogs and rats, beating them with crude, blunt clubs and arrows. They also learned to ride sheep by holding on to the wool. The yurts were made of felt, animal skin shaved close, stretched over wooden sticks, with an opening at the top to let out the smoke. Page 3 The felt was covered with white lime, and pictures were drawn onto it. This tent was serviceable, for its dome shaped top allowed it to resist the high winds (Fox 29). Endurance was life for the young Genghis Khan, called at birth Temujin, or "The Finest Steel". It was a name given to him by his father, the name of an enemy taken prisoner. Temujin's father was the Khan of the Yakka, or Great, Mongols. He had control of over 47,000 tents and his name was Yesukai (Lamb 24). Temujin had numerous duties, just as did the other boys of the camp. They had to fish the streams that the family passed on their trek. They looked after the family's horses, learning out of necessity to stay in the saddle for several days at a time, and to survive without food for three to four days. The boys watched the skyline for raiders and spent many nights in the snow without a

Can a Sample Argument Essay on Dress Code Help Win My Case?

Can a Sample Argument Essay on Dress Code Help Win My Case?There are plenty of times when a judge or the defendant can be hesitant to accept a sample argument essay on dress code. For example, an argument can be made that the plaintiff was wearing a too-short skirt while she stood in front of the defendant and her children.A young woman could claim that the defendant wasn't wearing pants that were wide enough to cover her thighs. The young woman might say that it is not fair for her to have to suffer the same humiliation as the teenager whose boyfriend wanted to see him out in public because he had no idea what it feels like to be naked in public.However, it's not likely that this argument will pass muster. An argument that draws a parallel between a public place and a woman's home will likely fail. Because a public place is much larger than a home, there would likely be a greater number of people present in the home where the defendant has been kicked out, which would make her testi mony inaccurate.In other words, a statement like 'her body was exposed in public' is likely to fail when an argument is based on the fact that the plaintiff was in a public place. Therefore, a lawyer may have to use a different form of evidence to get a similar result in order to win a case based on a statement like 'This woman is showing herself off in public.'When a judge or jury hears the details of a crime, they are likely to find a large difference between a short skirt and a man standing in front of the young woman with his children in tow. Therefore, a sample argument that has a large difference between a young woman in a skirt and the teenage boy whose boyfriend wants to see him out in public is going to be a stronger argument.Many arguments make these kinds of distinctions. In fact, they are often used to distinguish between two different situations. A statement like, 'This woman is wearing a very short skirt' could be an argument that the plaintiff in a case was wearing a very short skirt but an argument that the plaintiff was wearing a very long skirt could be an argument that the plaintiff was wearing a very long skirt but not quite long enough to cover the defendant's rear end.This can work to help a lawyer in many ways in a beautiful case that involves a violation of a dress code. It will be more difficult to win a case on a skirt comparison because it takes a different type of evidence to support a statement that relates to a very short skirt than it does to make a similar point regarding a long skirt.Still, in some cases a skirt comparison may be the best way to win a case. The best lawyers make these kinds of distinctions for their clients every day and the reason they do so is to ensure that the plaintiff is successful in their case.

3 Uncommon Ways To Get Team Buy In Every Time

3 Uncommon Ways To Get Team Buy In Every Time You probably already know a few of the tips and tricks to getting team buy in to new ideas, processes, or change. When it comes to influencing your peers, though, it can be a delicate dance. Because you lack positional authority, you cant pull the, Well, thats the way were going to do it, card. (Not that you ever would 😉) But these three off-beat tactics Im sharing will work for you. Today. Well lay some groundwork first. But if you wanna jump ahead, be my guest. Each strategy will work for peer or team buy in. Table of Contents: The Problem: Why We Resist Change? The Solution: What Does Leading Change Look Like? Step 1: Take the Marketing Cholesterol Test Step 2: Start With the Problem Step 3: Script the Critical Actions Required3 Uncommon Ways To Get Team Buy In Every Time via @ Did Isaac Newton Already Figure Out Why We Resist Change? Neurologically, were hard wired to maintain things as they are via our ingrained habits. Were comfortable in the rut of status quo. And any threat to it is perceived as discomfort - which humans avoid tooth and nail. Said psychologist Ralph Ryback: Inertia, or a tendency to do nothing or to remain unchanged, is at the headwinds of any change that we make in our lives. Wildly enough, Isaac Newtons principle of inertia applies to our psychology as well as the world around us. One of the best places to validate this is in the world of software - in both simple and complex ways. Remember when Spotify changed its hue of green a few years ago? Millions of us were used to their funky green. It wasn’t beautiful, but it was normal. Then, they warmed up the color in favor of the vibrant lime green. Thousands of users whined at the ugly new color scheme. I’ll admit, I didn’t like it at first either. Oh yeah†¦ then there’s the Snapchat UI updates that just about broke the internet. People hated the updates so much, there were riots in the streets! Okay, not quite that bad. But, the backlash was so intense, 1,257,640 users signed a petition on Change.org to get the old UI back. On a societal scale, people are change averse. We often have negative initial reactions to both functional and visual changes. This means â€Å"different† is often perceived as â€Å"bad.† The perception that different = bad often blocks positive organizational change. Learn how toThis isn’t simply a mob-mentality issue, either. It’s a human phenomenon at scales both large and small. As Mark Twain famously quipped: Im in favor of progress; its change I dont like. What Does Leading Change Look Like For Marketers? In user experience design, this is known as change aversion: Change aversion is the negative short-term reaction to changes in a product or service. This happens in the non-digital world, as well. And is a force we marketers have to battle when leading change (especially within our own companies). Now, lets learn how to go out with the old and in with the new. One of the most important changes marketers should make is killing makeshift marketing. Makeshift marketing has become the normal way marketers do things today. Its the pain of using one tool for social media scheduling Another tool for analytics A spreadsheet for tracking Endless email threads for collaboration and communication A task management tool (or multiple ones if everyone on your team uses something different) We get caught in a mess of using tons of different productivity tools that end up strangling our output rather than boosting it. Another force at work is that complicated tool stacks are actually celebrated with awards. To bring it a little closer to home, lets ask a question. You’re executing marketing today How’s that going? Staying organized is really hard. You’re missing deadlines, your team is disgruntled, your boss is wondering what’s happening, and stakeholders like your sales reps are constantly asking where their projects they requested three months ago are at. You can’t blame them. If you worked with another team, you’d expect things to roll forward smoothly, too, right? The thing is†¦ if you don’t change anything, you’ll keep experiencing these same side effects of â€Å"good enough-ism.† And that means†¦ You’ll continue to be frustrated†¦ You’ll continue making your peer managers frustrated†¦ You’ll burn yourself out with the trivial minutia of consistently missing deadlines Overcoming Change Aversion In Your Team However, everyone is used to the way things are. So, if youre going to overcome the forces allied against you as a leader, youve gotta be armed with the right strategies. So lets tackle three off-beat ways to overcome change aversion. Obliterate the status quo. And become a more influential leader while youre at it. #1. Take The Marketing Cholesterol Test To Get Team Buy In To start, you might need to prove that change is actually required right now. When you create urgency, at least people can agree that, We need to do something. One ingenious assessment for your organizations need to change appeared in the Harvard Business Review, and is called the Corporate Cholesterol Test. You can check out the original test in the article Change For Changes Sake. But heres an adaptation for us marketers to use. The tests purpose is to assess how well your teams (or team members) are working together. Thus Measuring how high your collaborative cholesterol is 😠· How high is your marketing cholesterol? Find out what that means and learn the answer viaTo do this, you can use Google Forms  to create a survey. Each of your peer managers should get the questionnaire to fill out. The test starts the buy-in process by helping your peer managers see for themselves if change is needed. Youll create three sections. Each with three yes or no answers. How well do we communicate? How well do we work together? How are our collective results? Pro Tip: To get honest answers, you can nix requiring first and last name. And simply make answers anonymous! Section One: How well do we communicate? In section one, youll ask these three yes or no questions: Do our teams interact only with people in their own group? This questions identifies the presence of silos.A silo mentality occurs when several departments or groups within an organization do not want to share information or knowledge with other individuals in the same organization.Basically its a problem of key info staying stuck in one group rather than shared with others it could help. Are there breakdowns in communication caused by silos? If there are silos, this will be a big fat yes 😕This is a great opportunity to understand it as a source of frustration. And you can position your change as a cure. Has fluid collaboration between our teams decreased over the past 6 months? This is an easy way to gauge how well your teams have worked together. If this is a Yes, its another sign that the winds of change should be blowing! How can marketers know theyre influencing positive organizational change? Find out via @Section Two: How well do we work together? In section two, youll ask these three yes or no questions: Are any people on your team uncomfortable with change? Now, admittedly, this question is a double-edged sword âš”ï ¸ After all, change is uncomfortable for pretty much everyone. But, as Sujan Patel writes, this is crucial to success.The crux of this question is to bring to mind the proverbial roadblocks to changeThe people on their team whose automatic answer is, No. Do we have processes, workflows, and tools that align with one another? I know this is buried in the middle of the survey But its my favorite question.This digs into the heart of a central problem for marketers today. We call it makeshift marketingand think of it as the temporary, sub-optimal solution for getting your marketing sh*t together. This is not #fakenews.I cant tell you how many marketers Ive met whose solution for â€Å"keeping their sanity† involves spreadsheets organizing spreadsheets.Who’ve decided endless meetings to â€Å"get on the same page† is par for the course.Who’ve succumbed to â€Å"on the fly† project management because that’s just the nature of the job?!And who’ve settled for a cobbled mess of one-trick tools becausewell†¦?Thats just how marketing works 😠¢In fact, this is one of the biggest problems solves (you can snag a free 1-on-1 demo to learn how it can help you do this!).Teams pay a HUGE productivity tax for misaligned processes, workflows, and tools.If this is a yes, its a red flag 🚠© Do your teams resist collaborative projects with other teams? Heres a newsflashIf people on your peer managers team resist collaboration, its prolly not because theyre bad people. Or employees.Did you know that 85% of most workers time is spent in email, meetings, and being on the phone?So maybe they resist working with other teams because they have so freaking much to do and not enough time!^^^ Sound familiar to you?If this is the case, its time to get efficient and make better use of peoples time.After all, who would resist: Here, would you like less stress while getting your time back and feeling more valued?If youre leading the right change, this can be exactly what youre giving them.What if collaboration could be a source of excitement and growth rather than a drain? Section Three: How are our collective results? In section three, youll ask these three yes or no questions: Has your team hit 80% or more of its KPI goals in the past 3 months? Simply put, if teams arent hitting their goals for more than 3 months in a row - somethings gotta change.This is a chance to highlight how your suggested change can help everyones tide rise. Have your teams collaborative projects proven positive ROI? This is an interesting one. Because some of your peer managers might say, What collaborative projects?Again, this could stem from silo issues Or signal a breakdown in teams working together.For instance, nearly every modern marketing teams should be working with developers (who are often outside their team) regularly.Next, if they have worked with other teamsWell, has it worked?Are there more dollars, email signups, or whatever else they were looking for because of the joint venture? Does anyone on your team (including you!) experience significant stress or anxiety when executing a new project? I absolutely love this question.While there is always *some* amount of stress kicking off a new project - it shouldnt be consistently significant.Scientifically, we know significant stress reduces productivity. It also promotes negative behaviors like procrastination. So if new projects give your team a panic attack, something major is broken.Now is the time to fix it. How To Score Your Marketing Cholesterol Test (In GIFs) Alright, heres the final reveal Score your test responses as follows: 0–2 yes answers Youre good and probably rock at getting your peers to buy in. 3–7 yes answers Right now is the perfect time for change! Saddle up and get it done. 8–9 yes answers Panic. It was time to change yesterday but today is good too. You got this  Ã°Å¸ ¤Ëœ #2. Start With The Problem To Get Team Buy In Next,  to overcome change aversion with your peer managers, start with the problem you’re trying to solve and the benefits your solution offers to them. Yes I’m encouraging you to market change to marketers. #inception Software has more to teach us, here. Intercom recently revamped the design of their products inbox - a place their customers spend a lot of time in. The new interface looks like Evernote and Intercom had a baby And its one cute baby. They got ahead of change aversion by focusing on problem their change was geared at solving. Often, change is resisted with statements like this: We dont need to change for changes sake! If you begin with the problem, though, you sidestep this as an issue altogether. When theres a genuine problem to be solved, you arent changing for changes sake. Your changing for growths sake. Huge difference. Trying to influence positive change within your marketing department? Start with the problem first. Start With The Problem First, specifically outline the problem you want to solve and the harm its causing. Outline the problem as specifically as you can: Right now, were using six different tools to manage our marketing. Because of the constant shuffle, details are getting lost, were dropping balls, and not hitting deadlines. Outline Your Solution Propose your solution, address the cost of switching, and focus on the benefits: If we consolidate our tools, these problems will evaporate. We each lead talented, competent teams. So its a simple thing to give them a better way to do their jobs. Yes, this will mean adapting our workflows to a fresh way of doing things. And it will mean a new way of collaboration among our teams. But the gain in productivity and organization will pay dividends in results, reduce stress, and improve communication. When you focus on the problem, your proposed change isnt the focal point. Admittedly, Im assuming the change you want to lead is truly an issue. If it is, you can position any resistance to be against the benefits your solution offers. This keeps the conversation focused on, How do we solve this  real problem. #3. Script The New Actions The Change Requires To Get Team Buy In A third way to  get your peer managers to buy in comes from Chip and Dan Heaths fantastic book,  Switch: How To Change Things When Change Is Hard. Its a way to get ultra-specific about what needs to happen next. The catchphrase analysis paralysis turns out to be a real thing. It even happens to LeBron James. When people are presented with too many options, we get stuck. When people are presented with too many options, we get stuck.Analysis Paralysis Is A Real Thing In the book  Switch, the authors share how this same phenomenon happens to doctors. A medical doctor and a psychologist devised a test to see how well the average doc make choices. The test involved two similar groups asked to make a decision on the same case. The only difference was that Group A made a choice between two options. While Group B had three. Check out the scenario The patient in the test was an older gentleman with hip trouble. Group A had to decide between a hip-replacement surgery and a simple medication that hadnt yet been tried. Almost 50% of the doctors from Group A chose the non-surgical path. Group B had a similar choice. Only instead of one non-surgical option, there were two. Thats it. That was the only variable. These doctors had to decide on surgery, medication 1, or medication 2 Logically, two non-surgical options seem even better than one, right? Well, only 28% of Group B docs opted for the non-surgical option. ^^^ This is analysis paralysis at work.