Advanced Corporate Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Advanced Corporate Reporting - Essay Example This is in particular for the companies that issue public bonds on a regulated European market. These accounting standards have shown a significant impact on the potential influence on the behaviour of economic agents. Accounting standards caused the financial institutions to behave in a certain way that enhances the financial stability in the long run.1.2 Arguments of European Commission/ Union on IFRS: It was opined by analysts that the core of the financial mismanagement lies within the commission and due to the fact that structure is opaque. The problems of financial mismanagement are the basic enforcements weaknesses. The court of auditors of European union admitted that the 80 percent of taxpayers money was never accounted properly. The responsibility for combating fraud has been considered by European commission. It was observed that the EU's financial regulation 2342/2002, article 87(4) claims that there I no need to attempt the recovery of any sum less than million euros and this has been ruthlessly exploited. By eliminating the loop hole, the European commission resulted in shared responsibility instead of separation of the responsibilities. As the improvement is not possible if each EU institution or department works with different standards and criteria, the common standards for the accounting were considered. Due to the erroneous accounting the debtors of European commission simply disappeared in 2002-03. ... Another problem with the old system is potential mismanagement of cash due to lack of principles in cash flow analysis. The maintenance of huge cash suggests the deliberate retention of member states and companies surpluses against EU rules, the establishment of own resources by the tax payers money. These huge funds are used to maximize the public funds. This should be avoided as the cash in hand by any company should be reported and the use of it can be restricted. To avoid these issues, the credit rating of the companies should be true and fair and must be based on accounting statements. This should be regulated by EU. The implementation of IFRS auditing on EU and the companies in the EU states resulted in overcoming the problems regarding the financial mismanagement and misuse of cash. The action on fundamentals and injection of commercial reality was made possible by the introduction of IFRS. The commercial organizations will ask themselves the questions regarding their performa nce and they should be reflected in the financial statements. The IFRS made it possible and the transparency has been resulted in the use of the money of the investors. This needs a creation of financial infrastructure and that was taken by the lesson from New Zealand that will audit fully singed annual accounts within three months. The auditors were made independent in assessing and auditing the company's financial statements and strict guidelines have been imposed according to IFRS. This made possible good financial management in the company's possible and gave the required security for investor's money in the company. This gave chance to investor to estimate the

Different Ethnic Groups Essay Example for Free

Different Ethnic Groups Essay Females are now able to achieve more in the education system. This is due to the pattern of achievement. Since the early 90s females have been achieving higher and high and have clearly overtaken males. In 2003/4 the females had taken over males by 20% in achieving 5 or more A*-C GCSE grades. This astronomical gender gap is now causing some sociologists to be concerned in male underachievement in the education system. However, being publicised by the media, males are not underachieving; they are not improving as quickly as females. Sociologists such as Sue Sharpe and Weiner, Arnot and David look at the reasons for the females success. Whereas sociologists, like Paul Willis and Mitsos and Browne suggest reasons for male underachievement. Sue Sharpes study discovered that in the 1970s girls had low expectations and were more likely to become a housewife and mother. They only saw jobs as a means of getting money before they married. When she when she revisited girls in the 1990s, they had higher expectation and saw jobs as careers. Weiner, Arnot and David are cynical about the underachievement of boys. They feel that the concern about the boys underachievement is a reaction against the progress of women. They say that girls are succeeding because of the National Curriculum at GCSE level, but at A-level the subjects are still gendered. Meaning that not many females pick certain subjects therefore limiting the subjects that can do.

Progeria Report Essay -- essays research papers fc

Genetics determine the traits an individual will inherit from their parents. In society today, the role of genetics is crucial; they decide ones physical appearance as well as their personality. However, if there is a mutation located in one of the genes that a child receives it is very likely a deformity will be present. A rare yet fatal defect from a gene mutation such as this is Progeria. This disorder is an unfortunate one that may occur in two forms, either Hutchison-Gilford Progeria or Werner syndrome. Not only do they affect the bone structure and appearance of the child, but they substantially shorten their life spans. Hutchison-Gilford disorder was first discovered and described by John Hutchison in 1886. However, in 1904 Hastings Gilford named the disorder Progeria after doing some of his own research on it (Malady). Approximately a year after Gilford presented his Progeria research, Otto Werner discovered a disorder by which he called "inaugural-dissertation". It was not until about 1935 that Oppenheimer and Kugel named â€Å"innaugaral dissertation† Werner Syndrome (Werner). Progeria is a very rare disorder, affecting one out of eight million children in the Hutchison-Gilford form. Werner Syndrome is more common yet still infrequent, affecting one out of one million children. Both types of Progeria affect specific ethnicities; Hutchison-Gilford occurs most frequently in Caucasians, while Werner Syndrome affects mostly children of the Japanese and Sardinian background. This disorder is fatal in both cases, although the life span of one with Werner Syndrome, living to the age of approximately 46, is significantly longer then one with Hutchison-Gilford who will only live to the age of 13 (Werner). Progeria is commonly referred to as "early aging disease"; however, this disorder has nothing to do with a child aging rapidly. The symptoms of Progeria in both Hutchison-Gilford and Werner are very similar and they do appear to speed the aging process. A child with Hutchison-Gilford has an entirely bald head and face. Their scalp, veins and eyes are clearly more prominent then a child without this disorder. The child's jaw will appear small and many times, he will be toothless, for Progeria causes delayed tooth formation. In addition, a child will ... ... Werner is more common, but much less well known (Kugler). Progeria is a fatal, unfortunate disease. The fact that deformed children are completely mentally fit, and know they are different is terrible. It must be hard to handle stares, smirks, pointing fingers, and still have to cope with the fact that you will probably not live past fifteen years old. The public needs to be more educated on this disease, and not treat it as so much of a sick deformation. Infected children may look different, but they are the same as anyone else. There are many organizations around that are collecting money for the furthering of research, and to educate the public. I could never imagine being the parent who has to make a choice of having a possibly mutated baby. Even with the odds in your favor, imagine choosing to have a baby, than discovering he will be born infected and you will outlive your son. Making that choice must be incomprehensivly difficult for both parents involved. Progeria is a mutation that needs to be dealt with very soon. Works Cited Malady of the Month-Progeria. Kugler, Mary. Progeria Syndroms. Werner Syndrome.

Essays --

Timeline Act 1: Scene 1: In the start of the book, the people take a holiday to celebrate Caesar's victory over Pompey in a civil war. They stand in the streets and wait for his arrival, and once he gets to the city, they throw a huge party. Scene 2: On the same day, Caesar attends a party and receives a warning from a small old man saying to beware the ides of March. Later in the chapter Cassius tries to turn Brutus against Caesar. Later in the scene they agree to meet again to talk about Caesar. Scene 3: There is a huge storm in the beginning of the scene, and Cassius thinks it a sign that Caesar must be killed. The two agree that Caesar must not be allowed to continue to rule and later discuses how they will kill Caesar. Act 2: Scene 1: Cassius sends a letter to Brutus saying that he should kill Caesar for Rome, and then later in the act they meet to make their final preparations. Caesar’s wife thinks that Caesar is hiding something and wants to know what is wrong. Scene 2: Caesar was planning on going to go to the Capitol, but Calpurnia tells him to stay home because of so many death threats and warnings they have gotten. Caesar stays home with her, until Decius convinces him that he needs to be at the Capitol. Scene 3: Artemidorus finds a letter that shows proof that a lot of people are going to kill Caesar, he goes to the Capitol to go find Caesar and show him the letter. But sadly, can’t find Caesar in time. Scene 4: Portia sends her servants to go see what is happening at the Capitol to make sure everything is alright with Caesar. Then she meets someone, who tells her more about the danger that Caesar will be facing. Act 3 Scene 1: The Soothsayer and Artemidorus try to warn Caesar outside the Capitol, but he ... ...rge role in making the rise of the Roman Empire. If Caesar wouldn’t have been as big as a figure he was, he might not have had much of an effect on Rome; therefore his ideas would have never been thought of or accepted by the higher population and people in Rome. Caesar had two children with the names of Caesarion and Julia Caesaris. Caesarion was his son and Julia Caesaris was his daughter. Caesar also had a wife by the name of Calpurnia Pisonis. Caesar was killed by many people who thought that if he was to become leader of Rome that he would become a dictator and overthrow the Republic. So many senators got together in one room with him, and stabbed Caesar to death. With Caesar dead, the Roman community was mortified, they soon went against the conspirators and joined Antony’s side to track down the conspirators and bring them to justice for killing Caesar.

A Summary of Cubbin and Geroski

This article examines the nature of short-run dynamics in judging the profitability in the marketplace.   The authors state that the dynamics of profits in the inter-industry averages, even between companies in the same industry, can be extremely variable.That is, although it is assumed that there is some homogeneity that can permit comparison between company profits within and industry that can then be used to create an inter-industry average, this homogeneity does not, in fact, exist.It is apparent that this flawed assumption has its roots in the â€Å"shared asset theory of profit determination† posited by Porter (1979) as a method of determining performance in an industry (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987, p. 427).   The authors state that the flaw comes from assuming that the â€Å"intra-industry variations in profits are small and uncorrelated with market structure† (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987, p. 427), which, if this assumption is untrue, the industry-level analysis of the dynamics between companies is no longer of interest and is no longer of any value.In addition, Porter’s model seems to have failed to take into account the differences that exist between the industry leaders and the industry â€Å"followers† in terms of profitability and how that profit is made.The literature review for Cubbin and Geroski (1987) suggests that analysis of different industries show that market power gains are unevenly distributed between these leaders (the large firms) and followers (the small firms) in these industries and that the markets share that this power reflects is important in determining the relative profitability between companies (pp. 427-428).The authors indicate, however, that there are several assessment methods in terms of determining any individual organization’s profitability both on firm specific and industry-wide factors.   These factors include:Co-efficients on variables, such as market share and industry concentration.An analysis of variance (ANOVA) framework that deconstructs performance variables into effects created by industry, firm, and market share.A dynamic model, which the authors suggest that a co-variance might exist between â€Å"profit paths† across intra-industry firms (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987, p. 428).The authors’ state their intent at this juncture; indicating that they intend to examine the importance of industry effect on industry profitability in the United Kingdom (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987).   It is also at this point in the paper where the authors describe the form that the paper will take, explaining how the information will be organized and analyzed.The ModelThe model that the authors examined for the purpose of this paper is that of an individual firm (i) in a single industry (I).   The current profit rate for i is then compared for the equilibrium profit rate for I, over a long term.According to the authors, it is unlikely that the comparison of the profit rate s for   Ã‚  and I will be equal to one another over the period of analysis for one of two reasons: 1) that there is no equilibrium in the individual firm’s profit over the long term, or 2) that the equilibrium profit rate for the individual firm differs from that of the industry as a whole.   In addition, the ease or difficulty with which a firm can enter the market and other factors that affect doing business in that industry may have an effect over the rate of equilibrium profit.The authors maintain that the profit rate for the individual is determined by the equilibrium profit rate for the industry and â€Å"the dynamic forces that generate adjustment towards them within and between industries (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987, p. 429).Cubbin and Geroski (1987) go on to explain that one issue in this model is that tracking the factors that go into the dynamic may be impossible to measure, in part due to the difficulty in observing them.In addition, the actual entry of a firm in to an industry may or may not have an effect overall and may or may not lead to the existing firms in that industry–particularly, presumably, the leaders of that industry–to make strategic preemptive pricing moves that may effect the performance of the market before the new firm even has time to enter and disturb the equilibrium (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987).The authors propose a solution to control these variables.   They first define â€Å"entry† into an industry as being when 1) new firms enter the industry, 2) expansion of incumbent firms, and 3) as incumbent competitors attempt to block new firms by uniting their production and pricing efforts (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987).This definition was left broad to â€Å"include all systematic dynamic forces interacting with profits† (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987).   Entry might then have a strong impact if there are strong dynamic forces; however, weak dynamic forces result in the average industry profitability being af fected over a long period (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987).If a firm holds a strategic place in the industry and earns profits higher than those earned by others in the industry, then a response to this position might result in other firms in the industry might encourage â€Å"mobility† in the industry itself, with other new firms entering or incumbents restructuring to diversify (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987), which results in any of these actions having an effect on the individual firm.The basic model that the authors suggest using to analyze industry profits is arrived at after a series of equations that are eventually modified to take compare the vulnerability to the effects of entry on the part of the individual firm against the industry at large (Cubbin & Geroski, 1987), based on the movement created by firm and industry specifics.

Free Essays on Dido Vs. Medea

Virgil’s Dido vs. Euripides’ Medea Euripides’ Medea was much more of a vengeful person than Virgil’s Dido. Medea performed some serious acts of revenge because she was so heartbroken, while Dido just didn’t want to live anymore. To begin with Medea killed everyone who stood in the way of her happiness with Jason. She killed everyone who had a part in their separation including her children. Although Dido killed herself, leaving her people with no one to lead them, I don’t think she was revengeful towards Aeneas in any way. She was just so heartbroken that she thought she would not be able to go on living. Medea and Dido are alike in several ways. Both women fall deeply in love with men and are eventually abandoned. They both felt that they were left with nothing, and decided to take some sort of desperate action for retribution. Although the situations were completely different, both women committed some exceptionally irrational acts. Medea’s love, Jason, leaves her for another woman; so she decides to kill everyone except Jason. Dido’s love, Aeneas, leaves her because he has a predestined path set for him by the gods, and she decided to just kill herself. Both women committed dreadful acts because they felt the pain of a broken heart. Both women at first wanted to just die and no longer feel the pain. Although Medea didn’t kill herself, she spoke about it several times. For example in her first speech she mentions it several times. She says; â€Å"It has my broken heart. I am finished. I let go all my life’s joy. My friends, I only want to die†. Sh e also says; â€Å"Then life is enviable. If not, I’d rather die.† Medea speaks several times about just killing herself, but she never actually goes through with it. Although both women have thoughts of killing themselves, Medea definitely had alternate plans for dealing with her broken heart. Medea was a psychotic lover that would do just about anything to... Free Essays on Dido Vs. Medea Free Essays on Dido Vs. Medea Virgil’s Dido vs. Euripides’ Medea Euripides’ Medea was much more of a vengeful person than Virgil’s Dido. Medea performed some serious acts of revenge because she was so heartbroken, while Dido just didn’t want to live anymore. To begin with Medea killed everyone who stood in the way of her happiness with Jason. She killed everyone who had a part in their separation including her children. Although Dido killed herself, leaving her people with no one to lead them, I don’t think she was revengeful towards Aeneas in any way. She was just so heartbroken that she thought she would not be able to go on living. Medea and Dido are alike in several ways. Both women fall deeply in love with men and are eventually abandoned. They both felt that they were left with nothing, and decided to take some sort of desperate action for retribution. Although the situations were completely different, both women committed some exceptionally irrational acts. Medea’s love, Jason, leaves her for another woman; so she decides to kill everyone except Jason. Dido’s love, Aeneas, leaves her because he has a predestined path set for him by the gods, and she decided to just kill herself. Both women committed dreadful acts because they felt the pain of a broken heart. Both women at first wanted to just die and no longer feel the pain. Although Medea didn’t kill herself, she spoke about it several times. For example in her first speech she mentions it several times. She says; â€Å"It has my broken heart. I am finished. I let go all my life’s joy. My friends, I only want to die†. Sh e also says; â€Å"Then life is enviable. If not, I’d rather die.† Medea speaks several times about just killing herself, but she never actually goes through with it. Although both women have thoughts of killing themselves, Medea definitely had alternate plans for dealing with her broken heart. Medea was a psychotic lover that would do just about anything to...

Presentation

How to make Applesauce I. Introduction A. Many people like to eat different types of food for breakfast. Some like the more traditional eggs and ham, pancakes and good old oatmeal. I on the other hand, love to eat applesauce for breakfast. Not only does it taste good but it is quick to make and just as quick to clean up. Once you learn how to make applesauce, you can go to school with a good breakfast in your stomach. B. The purpose of this is to teach you how to make applesauce because it is quick, easy and extremely good for you (Has a rich source of pectin, which has cancer fighting properties as well as regulate digestion.) C. Before you begin making your apple sauce you will need the following: 5 Regular size apples (Any apple can be used, but be warned, each has its own unique taste.) ,  ¼ tbsp of cinnamon, 2 tbsp of brown sugar,  ¼ c. of apple cider. The equipment that will be needed is one masher, one knife, one saucepan w/ cover, a measuring tool to measure the cups, a tablespoon and a mixing device. II. Making the apple sauce A. Peel the apples and core the apples. Then slice into small pieces; either eights or quarters. 1. If you prefer, you don’t have to peel the apples. Leaving the skin on is actually better for you since it adds more nutrition to the end result. B. Put the apples as well as the  ¼ c. of apple cider into a saucepan. Set the stove to a low or medium temperature. Cover the saucepan. 1. If you want to add water or apple juice instead of apple cider, that is also fine. C. After 20 minutes in the saucepan, remove the cover and begin to mash the apples. 1. This shouldn’t take very long since the apples should practically fall apart into the sauce. D. For the finishing touch, add the 2 tbsp of brown sugar and the  ¼ tbsp of cinnamon. Then mix again until they have been combined with the sauce. 1. NOTE: You must mix or the applesauce will not ... Presentation Free Essays on Applesauce Speech/Presentation How to make Applesauce I. Introduction A. Many people like to eat different types of food for breakfast. Some like the more traditional eggs and ham, pancakes and good old oatmeal. I on the other hand, love to eat applesauce for breakfast. Not only does it taste good but it is quick to make and just as quick to clean up. Once you learn how to make applesauce, you can go to school with a good breakfast in your stomach. B. The purpose of this is to teach you how to make applesauce because it is quick, easy and extremely good for you (Has a rich source of pectin, which has cancer fighting properties as well as regulate digestion.) C. Before you begin making your apple sauce you will need the following: 5 Regular size apples (Any apple can be used, but be warned, each has its own unique taste.) ,  ¼ tbsp of cinnamon, 2 tbsp of brown sugar,  ¼ c. of apple cider. The equipment that will be needed is one masher, one knife, one saucepan w/ cover, a measuring tool to measure the cups, a tablespoon and a mixing device. II. Making the apple sauce A. Peel the apples and core the apples. Then slice into small pieces; either eights or quarters. 1. If you prefer, you don’t have to peel the apples. Leaving the skin on is actually better for you since it adds more nutrition to the end result. B. Put the apples as well as the  ¼ c. of apple cider into a saucepan. Set the stove to a low or medium temperature. Cover the saucepan. 1. If you want to add water or apple juice instead of apple cider, that is also fine. C. After 20 minutes in the saucepan, remove the cover and begin to mash the apples. 1. This shouldn’t take very long since the apples should practically fall apart into the sauce. D. For the finishing touch, add the 2 tbsp of brown sugar and the  ¼ tbsp of cinnamon. Then mix again until they have been combined with the sauce. 1. NOTE: You must mix or the applesauce will not ...